K201 Final Review

Final Review

1. Speech styles

The Plain style ~(는/ㄴ)다, ~느냐/(으)냐/니, ~어라/아라/(으)라, ~자 (G6.1, G6.2): implies more emotionally/affectively engaged
The Intimate style ~어/아 (G5.1)
Indirect quotation (G6.4): {~(는/ㄴ)다, ㄴ~느냐, ~(으)라, ~자}고 하다; used to incorporate what other people ssy/said

2 Endings
The subject undergoing a change of situation:

~어/아지다 (G1.1): Change from one state (or condition) to another. ‘become...’
Combines mostly with adjectives and expresses a change of state
~게 되다 (G3.1): Change or turn of events; mostly used with verbs, except that used with color adjectives

Appealing to what the listener would be familiar with:

~잖아(요) (G1.2): ‘You know, . . .’; the speaker assumes that the listener will agree with him/her, referring to an obvious situation.
~거든(요) (G4.2): ‘You see, (because).....’; the speaker expects the listener to see the correlation

Speaker’s assessment:

~(으)ㄴ/는/(ㅇ)ㄹ 것 같다 (G2.5): ‘it seems/looks like/I think (as an approximation)'
~겠- (L1 Narration): conjecture or prediction based on normative patterns, as in weather forecast; announcing a procedure, a step, or an agenda of an official or business activity, as well as expressing the speaker’s will or intention in a formal setting.
~어/아도 되다 vs. ~(으)면 안 되다 (G2.4): permission/prohibition
~어/아야지요 (G4.5): obligation to do something.
~(으)면 되다 (G3.2): ‘it would do if....’, ‘all I have to do is....’
~기(가) 쉽다/어렵다/편하다/불편하다/좋다/나쁘다
~어/아 보이다 (G7.1)
~는 편이다 (G5.2): It is more of . . . than the other

Speaker’s wish, desire, intention:

~(었/았)으면 좋겠다 (G1.5): ‘I wish...’ (‘it’d be good/nice if something were the case.’) vs. ~고 싶다
~(으)려고 (하다) (G2.1): intending to/to intend to
~기로 하다 (G6.3)

Speaker's assessment on ability (with skills and/or knowledge) and possibility/enable

Others:

~기 시작하다 (L17 Conv. 2)
~어/아 본 적이 있다/없다 (G3.4): past experience - (Has there been an occasion?)
~는 길에/길이다 (G4.1): ‘(be) on one’s way’
~(이)요 (G4.3): used to give the simplest answer.
~(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ지 알다/모르다 (G5.3): introducing a question complement
~(으)ㄴ지 [TIME SPAN] 되다 (G5.4)
~어/아 있다 (G7.3)

3. Connectives

Temporal:

~던 (G1.3): what was happening in a past moment; refers to a situation at a moment in the past
~(으)ㄴ 다음(에) (G1.4): ‘after doing (something)’
~기 전에 ‘before . . .’ (L17C1)
~(으)ㄹ 때 ‘(at the time) when . . .’ (G17.4)
~는 동안 (L3C2): ‘while, during’
~다가 (G5.5): shifting a momentum from one situatio to another; something happens while . . . ~ing

Temporal/conditional:

Others:

~는 데에 (G7.5) ‘in ~ing’, ‘for ~ing”
~(으)려고, ~(으)려면 (G4.4): ‘in order to, intending to . . .’, ‘if you intend to . . .’
~(으)니까 (G3.5) setting out a ground for the subsequent message/action
아무리 . . . ~어도/아도 (G6.5): no matter how.....
~었/았었- (G3.3): done with . . .; the effect does not exist any longer; often used to refer to a past habit

4. Particles