1. Two uses of (��)��:

1) Means or instrument 'by means of'

������ �Ծ��. 'I came by bus.'
�ѱ����� ���ϼ���. 'Please speak in Korean.'

2) Toward/to (a place)

In both uses, (��)�� indicates a choice made out of a number of available candidates.

2. ���� is used after a noun ending in a consonant (except ��), and �� after a noun ending in a vowel or the consonant ��, e.g., ��ü������, ������, ����ö��, etc.

3. �� vs. (��)�� �� is used to indicate a specific destination. (��)�� is used to indicate a general direction or a destination that is chosen among a limited set of options.

(i) �̹� ���� ���п� ���￡ ���ϴ�. 'I am going to Seoul this summer.'

(ii) �̹� ���� ���п� ����� ���ϴ�. 'I am going to Seoul (over other possible cities I can go to).'

(iii) �����ʿ� ������. (not acceptable)

(iv) ���������� ������. (acceptable) 'Turn to the right.'

[����] Fill in the blanks with �� or (��)��.