1. Syllable-final closure /2. Neuralization/3. Resyllabification/4.
Nasal
Assimilation/ 5. ��-assimilation/
6.
Tensification/7.
Aspiration
and ��-weakening/7.
Palatalization/8.
Palatalization/9. Double consonant reduction/
1. Syllable-final closure: Final consonants are unreleased syllable-finally. [Txt29, Rule 2, Practice 2]
��: �� , �� , �� , Ʈ��
��: �� , �� , ��
[No Korean words end in �� ��ħ.]
2.Neutralization:
[Txt29, Rule 2]
Because of the Syllable closure rule, some consonants cannot be realized in the syllable-final position (in isolation or before another consonant), but are neutralized into ��, ��, ��:
�� a soul �� [��] �� [��]�� an individual item �� [��] �� [��] �� [��] ��[��]�� �� [��] �� [��] �� [�J] �� [��]�� price �� [��] �� [��] ���� [����] �� [��]
3. Resyllabification: [Txt28, Rule 1, Practice 1]
(C)VC-V(C) --> (C)V-CV(C) : A syllable final consonant (��ħ) moves into the next syllable when the next syllable begins with a vowel:
���� ���� [��ĥ]�̿���?
�̸���[�̸���] ������?
���г�[������]�̿���?
�� > �e [Neutralization]: /�e�г�/
��+�� = �� /��Ź��/
�� > �� before �� [Nasalization]: [������]
�� 'neck'+��=���� [���] [cf. ��� 'mosquito']
�� 'siecle'+��=���� [����] , �� 'day time'+=����[����]
�� 'face'+��=���� [��ġ] , �� 'flower'+��=���� [��ġ]�� 'mouth'+��=���� [�̺�] , �� 'leaf'+��=���� [����]
no consonant cluster within a syllable. [Txt. 28, Rule 1, practice 2]
Cf. ����
--> [����]
���ƿ� --> [���ƿ�]
Cf. ���ƿ� --> ���ƿ� --> ������
4.
Nasal Assimilation:
[Txt
29, Rule 3, practice 3]
Final consonants(��ħ)
become
nasalized when they are followed by a nasal consonant (i.e.,
��,
��).
�� , ��, �� --> ��: �� �Ծ�� [��Ӱſ�] , �Ը�[�Ӹ�]
��, ��, �� --> ��: �г� [�׳�] , �� �Ծ�� [�� �Ӱſ�]
��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��--> ��: �� ��[���] , ������[������]
5.
��-assimilation
[Txt
30, Rule 4, Practice 4]
���� [����] , ���� [����] , �Ŷ� [�Ƕ�]
��
--> ��/when
it follows ��
and precedes /i/ or /y/:
���� [����] , ���↑ [�����]
6.
Tensification
[Txt
307, Rule 5, Practice 5, 6]:
Consonant clusters are subject
to simplification:
When the following sound
is a consonant, consonant clusters are neutralized into one of the 7 representative
final consonant, and the following obstruent (stop, affricate, fricative)
becomes tensed.
�б� [�в�] , �Ĵ� [�Ķ�] , ����[����] , �� �� [�e��] ,
���� [����]
7. Aspiration and ��-weakening [Txt 31, Rule 6, Practice 7, 8]:
8. Palatalization [Txt 38, Rule 8, Practice 29]
���� [��ġ] [cf. ���ƿ� [��Ÿ��] ], ���� [��ġ]
9. Double consonant reduction: Consonant clusters are also neutralized [Txt 32, Rule 7, Practice 9]:
���� /ks/ , ����/lk/ --> �� [k] : �� [��]
, �� [��]
����/nc/, ����/nh/ --> �� /n/ : �ɴ� [�ȵ�]
, ���ƿ� [������]
����/ps/ --> �� [p] : �� [��]
, ���� [����]
����/lk/, ����/lp/, ����/ls/, ���� /lth/, ���� /lph/, ���� /lh/ --> ��/l/
�д� [�ϵ�] , �д� [�ε�] , ��� [�ߵ�]
�Ӵ� [�ҵ�] or [����] , ���� [����] or [����] , �ȴ� [��Ÿ]
���� /lm/ --> �� [m]
: ��� [���]
Click here for Worksheet.