See G2.2 for grammar points.

Predicate endings we have in Lesson 1 and Lesson 2:

Stem	Ending	Stem	Ending	Stem	Ending
-��	���ϴ� (-->�Դϴ�)	-�� �ƴ�	���� ����	��	���
�ݰ�	���ϴ�	��	����	��	���
		�ȳ���	����	����	���
		���	����	�����	���
����	��	����	����	��	�ƿ�
��	��	��	����	����	�ƿ�
		��	������	��	�ƿ�

<NOTES>
1. -����: contracted from -��+���� after a noun ending in a vowel.
Ŀ��: contracted from ũ+���

2.-���ϴ�/���ϴ� is a deferential ending, the detailed use of which we will learn in later lessons.

The citation ending ~��:
 

Copular Stem	Citation Ending	Verb Stem	Citation Ending	Adjective Stem	Citation Ending
-��	��	��	��	��	��
�ƴ�	��	�ȳ���	��	��	��
		���	��	����	��
		��	��	��	��
		����	��	����	��
		��	��	��	��
		��	��	�ݰ�	��
				��	��

The Polite Ending ~���/�ƿ�:

(i) Stem	+ ��	(ii) N-��	+��	(iii) Stem	+�ƿ�	(iv) Stem	+���
����	��	��	��	��	�ƿ�	��	���
��	��	�λ���	��	����	�ƿ�	��	���
				��	�ƿ�	��	���
				��	�ƿ�	����	���

(i) ~��: if a stem ends in ��, ��, ��, �� without any final consonant (��ħ),
            simply ~ �� is attached to the stem. More examples:

(�б���) ����/����	(����) �ڴ�/�ڿ�	(ģ����)������/������

 

(ii) N-�ؿ�: a number of verbs consist of a noun plus �ϴ�,
                 e.g. �ȳ��ϴ� 'be well', �λ��ϴ� 'greet', etc.
                When ~��� is attached to the stem ��-, the combination is contracted to �ؿ�, that is,
 

��+��� = �ؿ�

More examples:

�����ؿ�	����ؿ�	��ؿ�	�����ؿ�

                                   

The rest of the predicates are subject to ~���/�ƿ� variation,
depending on the last vowel of the stem.

(iii) ~�ƿ�: if the last vowel of the stem is either �� or �� (so-called plus-vowels), ~ �ƿ� is attached.
Those predicates that end in �� are subject to contraction:

���� 'see, look': ��+�ƿ�=���� ���� 'come':       ��+�ƿ�=�Ϳ�

(�ڷ�������) ����	(����) ����/�Ϳ�

 

(iv) ~���: all the other predicates take ~���.
�Դ� 'eat':�Ծ��, �ִ� 'exist': �־��, �д� 'be spacious': �о��
���ִ� 'be tasteful, delicious': ���־�� ������ 'be tasteless':�������

Those predicates that end in a vowel (e.g. �� or ��) are subject to contraction.

���ô� 'drink':����+���=���ſ� �ִ� 'give':       ��+���=���

(Ŀ�Ǹ�)���ſ�	(����) ���

 

Classroom material